"Abstract
Background: Vaccines can have beneficial off-target (heterologous) effects that alter immune responses to, and protect against, unrelated infections. The heterologous effects of COVID-19 vaccines have not been investigated in children.
Aim: To investigate heterologous and specific immunological effects of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in children.
Methods: A whole blood stimulation assay was used to investigate in vitro cytokine responses to heterologous stimulants (killed pathogens, Toll-like receptor ligands) and SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Samples from 29 children, aged 5-11 years, before and 28 days after a second BNT162b2 vaccination were analysed (V2 + 28). Samples from eight children were analysed six months after BNT162b2 vaccination...
Discussion
The main findings of our study in children are that: (i) BNT162b2 vaccination alters heterologous bacterial and viral cytokine responses 28 and 182 days after the primary vaccination schedule, compared to pre-vaccination; (ii) the effect of BNT162b2 vaccination on heterologous immunity persists for viral but not bacterial stimulants; and (iii) there is no correlation between the heterologous immunological effects and vaccine-specific IgG responses to BNT162b2. Our study provides unique information regarding the heterologous effects of COVID-19 vaccination in a paediatric population.
Our study showed that, in children, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination decreases inflammatory cytokine responses (IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-15) to heterologous bacterial, fungal and viral re-stimulation...
Our results add to the evolving evidence that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination reprograms both adaptive and innate immune responses...
Our findings suggest SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination could alter the immune response to other pathogens, which cause both vaccine-preventable and non-vaccine-preventable diseases. This is particularly relevant in children as they: have extensive exposure to microbes at daycare, school, and social occasions; are often encountering these microbes for the first time; and receive multiple vaccines as part of routine childhood vaccination schedules...
These data show that a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccine alters heterologous immunity in children and that these effects can persist up to six months after vaccination."
Interpretive articles:
New research shows mRNA jabs could weaken immune responses, by Maryanne DeMasi
https://blog.maryannedemasi.com/p/new-research-shows-mrna-jabs-could
Pfizer's COVID Vaccine Causes VAIDS in Children, Study Proves, by Igor Chudov
https://www.igor-chudov.com/p/pfizers-covid-vaccine-causes-vaids
© 2023 Noé, Dang, Axelrad, Burrell, Germano, Elia, Burgner, Perrett, Curtis and Messina. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.