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Page last reviewed: June 3, 2021
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Defining a vaccine breakthrough infection: For the purpose of this surveillance, a vaccine breakthrough infection is defined as the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen in a respiratory specimen collected from a person ≥14 days after they have completed all recommended doses of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-authorized COVID-19 vaccine...

As of May 1, 2021, CDC transitioned from monitoring all reported vaccine breakthrough cases to focus on identifying and investigating only hospitalized or fatal cases due to any cause.”

Note: So by definition, anyone getting a one-shot COVID-19 ‘vaccination series’ cannot be counted as a breakthrough case until 14 days after their inoculation. Similarly, people getting a two-shot ‘vaccination series’ cannot be counted as a breakthrough case until 14 days after their second inoculation. Thus, in a system that:

  1. adheres to this CDC definition, and
  2. categorizes COVID-19 cases in a binary scheme (e.g., ‘vaccinated’ vs. ‘unvaccinated’),

... inoculation recipients testing positive at the 13-day mark or earlier are counted as not vaccinated. For an example, see ‘King County, WA: COVID-19 Outcomes by Vaccination Status below.

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breakthrough cases,COVID-19,deaths,hospitalizations,vaccines