"Results: A total of 2381 responses were included. The mean age of respondents was 25±7.7 years. Around 1604 (67%) participants observed post-vaccination menstrual changes, and the findings were significant (p< 0.001). A strong association (p=.008) was found between the type of vaccine and changes in the menstrual cycle in participants (AstraZeneca 11 (36%)) after one dose. A strong association (p=.004) was also seen between the type of vaccine (Pfizer 543 (83%)) and menstrual changes after the booster dose. Cycles became irregular 180 (36%) or prolonged 144 (29%) in females inoculated with Pfizer after two doses of vaccination (p=0.012).
Discussion: ... Our findings suggest that post-COVID-19 vaccination changes in the menstrual cycle were observed in 1,604 (67%) study participants. Among these females, menstrual abnormalities were reported by 876 (55%) after the second dose, followed by 357 (22%) after the first dose and 13 (1%) after the third dose ...
In the current study, in addition to irregularities, another significant abnormality in menstruation after COVID-19 vaccination was an increase in the length of the menstrual cycle in 469 (34%) study participants. This is consistent with the findings of a large prospective cohort study conducted in the US, which showed a non-persistent increase in the average length of menstrual cycles among COVID-19-vaccinated females.
A strong association was found between age and post-vaccination changes in the menstrual cycle in this study. A significant number of women in the 21-30 years age group reported these changes ...
Approximately 989 (42%) study participants reported clot formation, and 745 (31%) reported heavy menstrual flow following COVID-19 vaccination ... Additionally, there was a significant increase in pain intensity, with 1,127 (50%) participants experiencing pain after COVID-19 vaccination compared to 1,038 (46%) participants before vaccination."
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