“Abstract: … [M]any side-effects are being reported after COVID-19 vaccinations and myocarditis is the most commonly reported sequelae post vaccination. Majority of these diseases are associated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Various studies have established a temporal relationship between these complications, yet the causality and the underlying pathogenesis remain hypothetical. In this review, we aim to critically appraise the available literature regarding the cardiovascular side effects of the various mRNA vaccines and the associated pathophysiology…
3.1. Pathophysiology: … The immunological response induced by the vaccines could explain the inflammatory processes of myocarditis, pericarditis, and perimyocarditis. As briefly mentioned earlier, MI induced by the vaccines could be attributed to Kounis syndrome, which is largely explained by components within the vaccines known as excipients. Excipients are pharmaceutical substances found alongside the active substances in a vaccine. In this case, the COVID-19 vaccine excipients are speculated to be potentially eliciting hypersensitivity reactions amongst some recipients.
Summary: To summarize, several studies reporting cases of cardiovascular side effects secondary to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have been discussed. These include myocarditis, perimyocarditis, pericarditis, MIs, and Takotsubo syndrome. Most pertinently, the time between vaccination and the onset of symptoms varied between complications. The reported cases shared certain predisposing risk factors, such as hypertension, active smoking and a previous history of CAD. The reported cases were mainly males with age variation. Notably, myocarditis predominantly affected younger males while pericarditis was observed in older males. While myocarditis is the highest reported cardiovascular ramification, other serious complications are also being increasingly reported.”
Under a Creative Commons license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This paper was published under a Creative Commons license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/