"Introduction
... In most vaccinated recipients, vaccine antigens are recognized by immune system with stimulation of local immune cells followed by recruitment of circulating immune cells and then, vasodilators and cytokines trigger local inflammation. So, adequate vaccine reactogenecity [sic] is essential for protective responses without substantial systemic effects.
Antigenic similarity between the SARS-COV-2 spike protein and human proteins causes anti-SARS-COV2 antibodies to bind to human antigens, such as extractable nuclear antigens, nuclear antigen, and myelin basic proteins. In case of hyper reactogenecity [sic], vasodilators and cytokines enter the bloodstream and induce a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Among studied vaccines are viral vector laden, mRNA-based and inactivated vaccines. This review provides a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune adverse effects. Adverse events include thrombotic, renal, cardiac, dermatological, ocular, and hematological events. A review of such conditions is timely and would be beneficial to physicians and healthcare professionals alike, in identifying patients who may be at a higher risk so that protocols for close monitoring can be designed and implemented, as well as risk profiling of vaccines, to configure vaccine target population, and hence reduce morbidity and mortality post-vaccination...
Discussion
... Added value of this study and implications: Analysis of available data favors differential risk profiling of the available vaccines so that we can subsequently select appropriately the target population with utmost benefit and least harm per each vaccine. Further research is needed in the same context on larger scale, as well as studying future panels used in stratifying population in relation to suitability to which vaccine against COVID-19.
Basically, vaccinations are used to decrease the burden of infection to boost vaccine efficacy, and adjuvants are often added to stimulate immune systems. However, such adjuvants can lead to autoimmune or inflammatory syndrome. Vaccine-induced adverse events had been established with many vaccines. COVID-19 vaccines induced adverse events as well.
Among mechanisms involved in acute autoimmune response post-vaccination is molecular mimicry between host antigens and spike proteins.
There are lots of reports on adverse events post-COVID vaccination. Cases related to all available vaccines are registered from all over the world.
In our study, 237 case of post-vaccination thrombosis/related thrombotic presentations were recorded. It was the dominant adverse event. There was significant increase in viral vector vaccines group (AstraZeneca/JJ) compared to other groups...
Conclusions
... It is worth noting that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine triggers immune response by nCoV-19 spike protein, whereas the mRNA-vaccine induces antibody response with a lipid-nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA. This may explain differential adverse profile of each vaccine."
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