"Introduction: ... There is considerable evidence that propolis can reduce and alleviate the symptoms of inflammatory diseases by affecting various metabolic cycles. Recently, several studies have shown that propolis extract and some of its components act against several important targets in the pathophysiological context of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, such as reducing TMPRSS2 expression, and reducing ACE2 anchorage, which would otherwise facilitate entry of the virus into the cell; this is in addition to immunomodulation of monocytes / macrophages (reducing production of and eliminating IL-1 beta and IL-6), reduction of the transcription factors NF-KB and JAK2 / STAT3 and blocking PAK1, which determine inflammatory activities and fibrosis caused by COVID-19...
5. Propolis can interact with ACE2 and TMPRSS2, potentially blocking or reducing SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the host cell ...
6. Propolis blocks PAK-1, potentially avoiding lung fibrosis and restoring a normal immune response ...
Conclusion: ... Various comorbidities have been associated with severe COVID19 symptoms and a greater chance of patients requiring intensive care; these include hypertension and diabetes. Also, mortality rates of COVID19 patients are much higher in those with cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes. There is considerable evidence that these conditions could be alleviated by treatment with propolis. This includes research in animal models of diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Propolis has properties that are particularly relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as immune system fortification, reduced viral replication, and anti-inflammatory action."
© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
PubMed version
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7430291/
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