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Zhouyi Rong, Hongcheng Mai, Saketh Kapoor, Victor G. Puelles, Jan Czogalla, Julia Schädler, Jessica Vering, Claire Delbridge, Hanno Steinke, Hannah Frenzel, Katja Schmidt, Özüm Sehnaz Caliskan, Jochen Martin Wettengel, Fatma Cherif, Mayar Ali, Zeynep Ilgin Kolabas, Selin Ulukaya, Izabela Horvath, Shan Zhao, Natalie Krahmer, Sabina Tahirovic, Ali Önder Yildirim, Tobias B. Huber, Benjamin Ondruschka, Ingo Bechmann, Gregor Ebert, Ulrike Protzer, Harsharan Singh Bhatia, Farida Hellal, and Ali Ertürk
April 5, 2023
Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (Germany)

This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review.

"Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been associated mainly with a range of neurological symptoms, including brain fog and brain tissue loss, raising concerns about the virus’s acute and potential chronic impact on the central nervous system. In this study, we utilized mouse models and human post-mortem tissues to investigate the presence and distribution of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the skull-meninges-brain axis. Our results revealed the accumulation of the spike protein in the skull marrow, brain meninges, and brain parenchyma. The injection of the spike protein alone caused cell death in the brain, highlighting a direct effect on brain tissue. Furthermore, we observed the presence of spike protein in the skull of deceased long after their COVID-19 infection, suggesting that the spike’s persistence may contribute to long-term neurological symptoms."

document
adverse events,COVID-19,neurological disorders,SARS-CoV-2 spike protein,vaccine biodistribution,vaccines