“Abstract: Vaccinations are the most effective preventive methods against infectious diseases and represent one of the most relevant successes of medicine. Vaccine development is constantly evolving; therefore, the number of vaccine candidates is progressively increasing. However, most of new potential vaccines are characterized by a lower immunogenicity, with the inability to stimulate powerful and long-lasting immune responses. Hence, to get modern and effective vaccines, we need of adjuvants and innovative delivery systems that increase their immunogenicity. The use of nanotechnology in vaccinology is providing the opportunity to contrast these difficulties and develop effective vaccines. Particularly, nanoparticles used as vehicles of vaccine components, are able to increase the host’s immune responses and, due to their size, to reach specific cellular districts. To date, a certain number of nanovaccines has been approved for human health and many are studied in clinical or pre-clinical trials… In this review, we provide a general overview of different types, methods of synthesis, characterizations, properties and applications of nanoparticles in vaccine production…
Carbon Nanoparticles: Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the use of carbon nanomaterials as adjuvants or carriers for different kinds of vaccines especially because they are internalized into a wide variety of cell types. Many structural and physical features of these nanosystems effect the capacity of carrying antigens and stimulating immune responses, among which their surface modifications.
Among carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received a great attention because of their exceptional features that make them usable in many industrial fields. CNTs are engineered nanoparticles formed by a thick sheet of graphene that rolls up to form a hollow cylinder named single-walled CNT (SWCNT).”
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License