“Abstract: … We also point out that various factors determine the toxicity of GFNs [graphene-family nanomaterials] including the lateral size, surface structure, functionalization, charge, impurities, aggregations, and corona effect etc. In addition, several typical mechanisms underlying GFN toxicity have been revealed, for instance, physical destruction, oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis.”
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