"The infective SARS-CoV-2 is more prone to immune escape. Presently, the significant variants of SARS-CoV-2 are emerging in due course of time with substantial mutations, having the immune escape property. Simultaneously, the vaccination drive against this virus is in progress worldwide. However, vaccine evasion has been noted by some of the newly emerging variants. Our review provides an overview of the emerging variants’ immune escape and vaccine escape ability...
1. Introduction
[E]very country has started a COVID-19 vaccination program to vaccinate the people and fight against the pandemic. At the same time, scientists noted different new variants of SARS-CoV-2, affecting various epidemiological phenomena of the pandemic. Some significant variants have been entitled as Variants of Concern/Variants of Interest (VOC/VOI) status due to their superior risk with more severity and amplified transmissibility. These VOC/VOI possess mutations imparting properties like an immune escape and reduced vaccine efficacy to this virus. Due to the added devastating effects of the SARS-CoV-2 variants, Boehm et al. describe the present conditions as pandemics within the pandemic because of the spread of these variants...
SARS-CoV-2 mutants are dominant strains in several regions of the world. Some mutations of these variants are related to immune escape or partial vaccine escape of SARS-CoV-2. The two mutations are noted in the RBD (receptor-binding-domain) related to immune escape... At the same time, vaccine escape is another problem due to the ongoing development of the new SARS-CoV-2 variants...
We have also discussed mutations at different locations such as NSP1, NSP3, NSP6, ORF3, and ORF8. Finally, we discussed antibody escape and partial vaccine escape of emerging variants. Vaccine evasion of BioNTech/Pfizer mRNA vaccine, Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, BBIBP-CorV vaccine, ZF2001 vaccine, etc., have been highlighted...
10. Arrival of Immensely Mutated Omicron Variant: Is It a Concern for Antibody Escape as Well as Vaccine Escape?
A recent SARS-CoV-2 variant was noted at the end of November 2021 called Omicron. Scientists have observed nearly 50 mutations in the genome and about 32 mutations in the S-glycoprotein of this variant... Because of this, the variant is a concern for all the recent vaccines and, thereby, the vaccine effectiveness. Scientists are worried about the probable vaccine escape by this variant and are waiting for intensive research data. The emergence of Omicron has initiated a vaccine efficacy debate."
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