"Abstract
... During the pandemic, clinicians all over the world witnessed an uprise in the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (COVID-Heart Syndrome) in patients with and without cardiovascular risk factors. Clinical researchers were not certain about the underlying reason for the upsurge of cardiovascular disorders with some blaming them on COVID-19 infections while others blaming them on COVID-19 vaccines. Based on [our] literature review, we hypothesize that adjuvants included in the COVID-19 vaccines are the real culprits for causation of cardiovascular disorders. Operation of various pathological signaling events under the influence of these adjuvants including autoimmunity, bystander effect, direct toxicity, anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS), anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity, genetic susceptibility, epitope spreading, and anti-idiotypic antibodies were partially responsible for stirring up the onset of cardiovascular disorders...
Types of vaccine adjuvants used in COVID-19 vaccines
The adjuvants used in COVID-19 vaccines can be categorized into five classes namely Aluminum salt-based, Emulsion-based, TLR [Toll-like receptor] agonists, Metabolic, Cell death, and Epigenetic. Each of these adjuvants instigate different mechanisms that are ultimately responsible for onset of spectrum of cardiovascular diseases seen in COVID-19 patients and those receiving vaccination...
Summary and Conclusions
This review explored the potential role of vaccine adjuvants in contributing to developing COVID-19-related heart syndrome. While the primary focus of concern has been the COVID-19 spike mRNA as a possible culprit, there is also an argument to be made that vaccine adjuvants, which are included to enhance immune responses, may play a role in triggering cardiac abnormalities... This review highlights that adjuvants could lead to induced autoimmunity, which could involve molecular mimicry, where vaccine components resemble self-antigens, leading to a misguided immune response against the body’s tissues. Another proposed mechanism is the ‘bystander effect’, the immune system could unmask hidden self-antigens in body tissues, leading to an autoimmune reaction. Direct toxicity, general susceptibility, Epitope spreading, and Idiotypic and Anti-idiotype Antibodies are other possible mechanisms that could result in cardiovascular disorders due to the vaccine adjuvants."
© The Author(s), 2024.
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