"Introduction
... [R]eports of renal complications occurring after receiving COVID-19 vaccination came to light in recent times, following the mass vaccination drive initiated against SARS-CoV-2. The occurrence of complications post-vaccination instigates concerns among the patients as well as the healthcare professionals. This raises a lot of queries such as:
- What are the renal complications reported so far post-COVID-19 vaccination?
- Which COVID-19 vaccines were found to be associated with renal complications post-vaccination?
- Are these conditions de novo or flare-ups of the preexisting renal diseases?
- Is the occurrence of these renal complications causal or casual?
- What are the possible underlying mechanisms explaining the occurrence of these complications post-vaccination?
- Is it safe to administer a follow-up dose, if a patient develops renal complications with the initial dose vaccination?
The present review’s objective was to answer these queries following a thorough search of the published literature available in Pubmed and Google Scholar electronic databases performed up to April 2022...
A thorough search of the literature published in Pubmed and Google Scholar revealed the following renal complications reported post-COVID-19 vaccination:
- IgA nephropathy (IgAN)
- IgA vasculitis with severe glomerulonephritis
- De novo and relapsing necrotizing vasculitis
- Minimal change disease (MCD)
- Minimal change disease with IgAN
- Minimal change disease with severe acute kidney injury
- Minimal change glomerulonephritis
- Membranous nephropathy (MN)
- Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease (Anti-GBM)
- IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD)
- Lupus nephritis (LN)
- Scleroderma renal crisis
- Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis
- ANCA-associated vasculitis
- ANCA-associated vasculitis presenting with rhabdomyolysis and pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis
- Myeloperoxidase-antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (MPO-ANCA)
- Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with acute renal failure
- Acute interstitial nephritis
- Acute kidney injury (AKI)
- Pre-renal AKI
- COVID-19 vaccine-associated glomerular disease (CVAGD)
- Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
- Acute tubulointerstitialnephritis
- Nephroticsyndrome
- New-onset pediatric nephroticsyndrome
- Renal thrombotic microangiopathy
- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
- Glomerulonephritis...
Conclusion
... The findings of the present literature review were:
- A diverse array of renal complications were observed post-covid-19 vaccination including IgAN, MCD, AKI, ATN, Nephrotic syndrome, Glomerulonephritis, etc.,
- These complications were reported following the administration of mRNA and replication-defective viral vectored vaccines (first and second dose). BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), CoronaVac (Sinovac), BBIBP-CorV/Sinopharm, Gam-COVID-Vac, and Sputnik V/Gamaleya vaccines were a few with evidence of reports of renal adverse effects post-vaccination...
- So far, only a temporal relationship has been established and various pathogenic mechanisms, including molecular mimicry, delayed hypersensitivity, transient systemic cytokine response, dysregulated T-cell response, and others, have been hypothesized to explain the occurrence of renal complications in COVID-19- vaccinated individuals."
© 2023 Indian Journal of Community Medicine
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